The juxtaposition makes a similar comparison between the two activities. In this clip from Charlie Chaplin’s Modern Times (1936), the shot of the flocking of the sheep is joined with city dwellers in their wild goose chase. If the length of the time in either of the shots is shortened, the audience will find less time to absorb the information in each shot. In metric montage, one shot is joined together with the other on exact measure or length of time. This creates a visceral response in the viewers which according to Eisenstein is ‘montage’.ĭifferent types of montages Metric Montage In this example from Strike (1925), when the shot of people being killed by the administration is inter-cut with the shot of a cow being slaughtered, the purpose is to show the similarity between the two events. The shot appears at 3:00 mins.Ĭonsidered as a major theorist and filmmaker, Eisenstein regarded film editing as a creative process where two different shots are juxtaposed to create a new meaning. In the following example from the ending of Mother (1926) he inter-cuts between the shots of a prison riot with shots of ice breaking up on a river to create a psychological interpretation. He believed that the way shots are organized and placed can help to develop a new means of expression. According to him shots are connected like the links in a chain. He was also a Russian and Soviet film director, screenwriter and actor who developed influential theories of montage. Alfred Hitchcock explains this process in detail here. ![]() Shot of the man’s face + food = Expresses Hunger. Shot of the man’s face + the young child = Expresses Tenderness Shot of the man’s face + the dead woman = Expresses Sorrow However, the expression in the face of the man remained the same in all the shots. In the experiment here, Kuleshov demonstrated how an identical shot of an actor appeared after each of these shots: a dead woman, a child, and a dish of soup. Through the following experiment he formulated how editing helps to create nonliteral meaning. ![]() He was a Russian and Soviet filmmaker and film theorist. The three key figures who pioneered this concept are: ![]() According to them a montage is an arrangement of a series of shots that creates a sense and meaning derived exclusively from their juxtaposition. This is known as the Soviet Montage Movement. In the former Soviet Union in the 1920s, various filmmakers and theorists came forward with various forms of editing techniques to express certain social and political ideas. In the opening of The Tree of Life (2011), the montage artistically introduces us to the Brian family in the 1960s by weaving visual metaphors. They have utilized this technique to make their film more eclectic, energetic and exhibiting a mixture of classical continuity and more abrupt collage-like editing styles. Over the years of filmmaking, montage has been broken down by filmmakers in various creative ways. Thus, the new sequence that is created generates a new meaning for the viewers. This editing technique helps condense the narrative into a brief episode of screen time. The word montage is derived from the French verb which means “to assemble or put together.” The process of montage involves a series of edits that shows an event or events that happen over time.
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